In 1974, Chile’s exports totaled $2.481 billion and its imports, $1.910 billion. Founded in 1552, it was a fortress in the defense against the Araucanians and was a royalist center during the war of..... Click the link for more information. The metropolitan area called Greater Santiago and corresponds to the capital of the Metropolitan Region of Santiago which is the capital city of Chile . Moreover, three times as many schools were built in 1972 as in 1970. The leading imports in 1974 were foodstuffs (33.1 percent of the total value of imports), machinery and transport equipment (23 percent), fuel (14.3 percent), and chemical products (11.8 percent). The first such play was performed in 1646. A long narrow strip of land (no more than c.265 mi/430 km wide) between the Andes and the Pacific Ocean, Chile stretches c.2,880 mi (4,630 km) from near lat. Chile covers an area of 756,096 square kilometres (291,930 sq mi) and has a population of 17.5 million as of 2017. 5, 1818, San Martín routed the Spanish royalist army at Maipú and assured Chilean independence. In 1975, the country’s electric power plants had an installed capacity of 2.6 gigawatts, with hydroelectric power plants accounting for 1.5 gigawatts. Santiago is the capital of Chile New questions in Spanish. Between 1971 and 1976 the population grew at an average annual rate of 1.8 percent. Except for the Loa River, North Chile has no permanent streams or drainage into the ocean. The war of 1866 between Peru and Spain involved Chile and led the republic to fortify its coast and build a navy. You'll find countless flights to Santiago with LAN.com, ensuring you'll find the the … The monetary unit is the peso, whose value has been falling; the exchange rate was US $1 – 6.4 pesos on Sept. 30, 1975, and US $1 = 19.82 pesos on May 31, 1977. Transplanted to the colonies, Spanish folk poetry was transformed into a distinctive Creole folklore. Fauna. ... Madelyn Delillah. Among its finest productions were Tender Youth by L. Bernstein (choreographer C. Reyes), Don Juan by Gluck (choreographer R. Adam), Can-Can, based on music by J. Offenbach (choreographer Hermannsen), and Chopiniana, based on music by F. Chopin (choreographer M. Fokine, revised by Cintolesi). The city’s spirit matches the grandeur of its landscape. Chile stretches from north to south for a distance of 4,300 km, forming a narrow band 15 to 355 km wide between the Pacific coast and the high Andes Mountains. Log In. Under pressure from the reactionary forces, O’Higgins resigned and emigrated. (In a few areas alerce coverage extends across Chile's western border with Argentina.) Valukin remained there until 1972, training teachers and performers of classical dance and introducing improved teaching methods. Kaevskii, opened a school in Santiago in 1921, serving as its director until 1938. The city boasts a neoclassical city centre with winding streets and neo-classical architecture, including Art Deco and neo-Gothic styles. Over most of its length the Coastal Cordillera, with elevations of up to 3,200 m, drops sharply to a straight abrasion coast indented with bays. In addition, the army accepted institutional responsibility for the human rights abuses that occurred under Pinochet. , an island shared with Argentina. Although Chile enjoyed economic prosperity between 1926 and 1931, it was very hard-hit by the world economic depression, largely because of its dependence on mineral exports and fluctuating world markets. Upon receiving a municipal subsidy in 1965, the company was renamed the Municipal Ballet and subsequently became the country’s foremost dance company. The workers’ share in the national income fell from 65 percent in 1972 to 35 percent in 1974. (1851–61) the country experienced governmental reform and material progress. The next year the company’s dancers organized the School of Ballet, headed by E. Uthoff, which trained performers for the future national ballet. , IquiqueIquique, city (1990 est. In 1948 the national Congress adopted a “law for the defense of democracy,” banning the Communist Party, progressive trade unions, and other democratic organizations. The desert itself, c.2,000 ft (610 m) above sea level, is a series of dry salt basins flanked on the W by the Pacific coastal range, averaging c...... Click the link for more information. From the outset two trends coexisted in the Chilean ballet—the expressionist, including modern dance, and the classical, whose leading exponent was Solari. The supreme commander in chief is the president, and the military junta exercises direct leadership. The revolutionary process encountered fierce opposition from domestic reactionaries, supported by foreign imperialism: the government’s efforts were deliberately undermined, economic difficulties were artificially created, and acts of terrorism and sabotage were carried out. Santiago - the capital of Chile Santiago some Russian tourists comparedSochi native, because the capital of Chile, on the one hand, has an outlet to the ocean, on the other hand, is surrounded by mountains. Addressing the first gathering of the Literary Society of Chile in 1842, the public figure, scholar, and prose writer J. V. Lastarria (1817–88) defined the task of creating a national literature. Although all of S Chile is forested, only the drier northern part has exploitable timber resources; Puerto MonttPuerto Montt, city (1992 pop. Chile’s timber reserves are estimated at 1.2 billion cu m. Some 8.2 million cu m of round timber, chiefly coniferous, were produced in 1975. In 1817, José de San MartínSan Martín, José de, 1778–1850, South American revolutionist, b. Yapeyú, in present-day Argentina. Among the largest of Central Chile’s many rivers are the Huasco, Limarí, and Maule. The Single Center of Chilean Workers (Central Unica de Trabajandores de Chile), founded in 1953, has been banned but continues to operate illegally. 105,600), capital of Coquimbo region, N central Chile, on the Elqui River. santiago de chile more commonly reffered to as simply Santiago. Underground (1904; Russian title Post No. Geological structure and mineral resources. Chilean patriots continue to resist the reactionary regime. The navy of about 24,000 men (3,800 marines) has three cruisers, 12 destroyers, six submarines, two frigates, four torpedo boats, six patrol boats, and six landing craft. pop. Bachelet, the center-left candidate, won more than 53% of the vote, defeating conservative business entrepreneur Sebastián PiñeraPiñera, Sebastián(Miguel Juan Sebastián Piñera Echenique) , 1949–, Chilean business executive and politician, president of Chile (2010–14, 2018–), grad. Teléfono es aguda o llana Would you use tú or usted when speaking to your boss? The bicameral legislature consists of a 38-seat Senate, whose members are elected to serve eight-year terms, and a 120-seat Chamber of Deputies, whose members are elected for four years. “Chile woke up,” thousands of protesters chanted one recent Sunday afternoon in Santiago’s O’Higgins Park. The capital of Chile is Santiago, which was founded 2/12/1541. All the parties that belonged to the Unidad Popular coalition prior to the 1973 coup have been outlawed, notably the Radical Party of Chile (Partido Radical de Chile), formed at the end of the 1850’s and officially founded in 1883; the Socialist Party of Chile (Partido Socialista de Chile), established in 1933; the Communist Party of Chile (Partido Comunista de Chile), founded in 1922; and the Movement for United Popular Action (Movimiento de Acción Popular Unitaria), organized in 1969. 1971); R. Debray, The Chilean Revolution: Conversations with Allende (tr. A leader of a liberal, anticlerical group, he was sent as minister (1878) to Argentina, where he successfully prevented Argentina from entering the War of the Pacific...... Click the link for more information. Wilflife and flora are protected in the Villarrica, Los Paraguas, Pérez Rosales, Puyehue, and Juan Fernández national parks and in the Nahuelbuta Preserve. The country has deposits of iron, manganese, lead, zinc, barite, and other ores, as well as petroleum, natural gas, and coal. The liberation army was defeated by Spanish troops, and after the battle of Rancagua (October 1814) the patriots had to flee to Argentina. The leading state-financed research institutions are the Meteorological Bureau (1884) with its network of observatories and scientific stations, the Chilean Bacteriological Institute (1929), the Military Geographical Institute (1922, the country’s official cartographic institution), the National Geographical, Geodetic, and Geophysical Committee (1955), the Hydrographic Institute of the Navy (1874, Valparaiso), the Geological Institute (1957), the Chilean Antarctic Institute (1963, with scientific stations in Antarctica), and the Chilean Nuclear Energy Commission. of Chile under President Allende, whom Lagos supported...... Click the link for more information. The Alessandri government (1958–64) pursued a policy of involving the country in the plots of foreign capitalists and suppressing the labor movement. Social conditions were also depicted critically by D. Barros Grez (1834–1904) and L. Orrego Luco (1886–1948), whose novel The Big House (1908) showed the degeneration of the landowning aristocracy. In 1951, M. Solari staged the first national ballet, Orrego Salas’ The Threshold of a Dream, which incorporated folk music. The northern city of Antofagasta is the mining region of the country. 5 Answers. Petroglyphs depicting peoples, llamas, and hunting scenes have been discovered. Santiago has been the capital since Colonial Times. ); and there is more glaciation. a republic in South America, on the Pacific, with a total length of about 4090 km (2650 miles) and an average width of only 177 km (110 miles): gained independence from Spain in 1818; the government of President Allende (elected 1970) attempted the implementation of Marxist policies within a democratic system until overthrown by a military coup (1973); democracy restored 1988. In painting and the graphic arts, along with the Montparnasse modernist group (headed by the cubist C. Mori), surrealism (R. Matta), and abstract art (N. Antúñez), there emerged the socially oriented realistic art of C. Hermosilla Alvarez, G. Nuñez, J. Venturelli, P. Lobos, and J. Escamez. flashcards on Quizlet. Since 2004 a number of former senior military officers in Pinochet's régime have been convicted of crimes relating to murders and other human rights offenses following the coup. In 1693 the comedy A Chilean Hercules by an unknown Chilean author was presented in Santiago during a festival. However, under the military-drafted constitution, Pinochet remained head of the army. Allende, in an attempt to turn Chile into a socialist state, nationalized many private companies, instituted programs of land reform, and, in foreign affairs, sought closer ties with Communist countries. During Arturo Alessandri's second term (1932–38) a measure of economic stability was restored; however, he turned to repressive measures and alienated the working classes. A port on the Pacific, it exports nitrates and ore from the Atacama Desert. Private practice is on the rise. In 1974 the country had a birth rate of 25.4 and a mortality rate of 7.4 per 1,000 inhabitants. Strong earthquakes centered off N Chile in Apr., 2014, and Sept., 2015, resulted in significant but relatively limited damage. With the expansion of crafts and industry, chiefly mining, the number of workers increased. Moreover, the state owned 85 percent of the rail network, as well as most of the air and maritime transport facilities. The southern and southeastern parts of Chile are occupied by the eastern slopes of the Andes and sections of the Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego plains near the Strait of Magellan. From 1916 to 1932 more than 80 full-length films were made, among the best of which were Sienna’s The Clowns Depart (1921), The Wrench of Race (1922), and The Hussar of Death (1925, a historical film about the struggle for national independence); de la Sotta’s The Swallow (1924) and Youth, Love, and Sin (1926); M. Derval’s Why Did This Woman Commit a Crime? Learn. (1970, directed by A. Francia), and Araucana (1971, directed by J. Coll), a joint production with Spain and Italy. The Creole folk music of Chile is similar to that of Argentina. The agrarian reform announced in 1967 was carried out extremely slowly. Among the Araucanians, the most advanced and warlike of the Chilean tribes, a matriarchal clan system was giving way to a patriarchal one. Chile is rich in many kinds of minerals. In 1975 the country was struck by a severe economic crisis. Area: 756 945 sq. The social and historical development of Chile, which embarked on capitalism earlier than the other Latin American countries, stimulated the appearance of critical realism in the mid-19th century. The theatrical revival that occurred in the 1920’s owed much to the fine plays of V. D. Silva, E. Barrios, A. Moock, and particularly A. Acevedo Hernández, who wrote highly original social dramas drawn from the life of various strata of working people. The 1920 presidential candidate of the Liberal Alliance, a coalition of all the enemies of the conservatives, Alessandri was elected on a reform platform...... Click the link for more information. There is a subway system and the international airports at Pudahuel and Los Cerrillos provide air services. Other major Creolists were F. Gana (1867–1926), R. Maluenda (born 1885), F. Santiván (born 1886), and L. Durand (1895–1954). Spanish is the official language, and most of the population is Roman Catholic, although the Indians have to some extent preserved their languages and traditional beliefs. . the northern regions (to 32° S lat.) The slowdown has affected small-scale and artisan industries, as well as large enterprises. Two ice fields covering 15,000 sq km lie between 46° 30’ and 51° 30’. Deaths from the temblor were in the hundreds, but damage was estimated to be $30 billion. In September 1924 the government of A. Alessandri Palma was overthrown by a military junta, and in January 1925 military men led by C. Ibáñez del Campo staged another coup. In 1946 the presidency was won by the Radical G. González Videla, the candidate of the Democratic Alliance, who included Communists in his government. The majority of Chile's population is mestizo, a result of frequent intermarriage between early Spanish settlers and indigenous inhabitants. After the military coup of Sept. 11, 1973, a military fascist regime was established in the country that upheld the openly terroristic dictatorship of the big Chilean capitalists and the foreign monopolies allied with them. The average population density is approximately 14 persons per sq km (1976), but the overall distribution is extremely uneven. Under the Unidad Popular government amateur theater groups were organized by professional actors. Livestock raising, extensive rather than intensive, is carried on throughout the country. The principal branches of industry are food processing, paper and pulp production, and coal mining. Vina del Mar has 13 beaches, and festivals such as the International Song Festival which is the largest festival in Latin America. Since about 1950 the principles of modern architecture have been employed by the architects S. Larrain, E. Duhart, R. Dávila, and J. Martinez in designing large industrial and public complexes, high-rise buildings, and residential districts on the outskirts of Santiago, Arica, and other cities. The Transandine Railway was completed in 1910 (closed 1982), and many more railroads were built. Santiago, the capital, is also the largest city. A documentary prose style became popular in the 1970’s. The president may not be elected to consecutive terms. They belong to Chile and are constitutionally a special territory; they are administered as a part of Valparaiso prov...... Click the link for more information. Chile's main imports are petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, electrical and telecommunications equipment, industrial machinery, vehicles, and natural gas, but beginning in the 2010s it sought to reduce its need for imported fossil fuels by developing solar, wind, and geothermal energy projects. 170,064), N Chile, on the Pacific Ocean, just south of the Peruvian border and at the northern limit of the Atacama Desert. It lies on the canalized Mapocho River, with views of high Andean peaks to the east. See Spanish-English translations with audio pronunciations, examples, and word-by-word explanations. The entire country is subject to frequent earthquakes. The agricultural South-Central Economic Region includes Arauco and Bío-Bío provinces of the Eighth Region and the Ninth and Tenth regions, excluding Chiloé Province. Education systems located in Santiago include the University of Chile and Catholic University. In the 1964 presidential election (in which Eduardo Frei MontalvaFrei Montalva, Eduardo Nicanor, 1911–82, president of Chile (1964–70). Radio broadcasting was begun in the 1920’s. Of Chile’s 17.3 million hectares (ha) of agricultural land, 5.7 million ha are arable land and 11.6 million ha are meadows and pastures (1974). These rocks are overlain by Jurassic-Cretaceous sedimentary strata in the east and by andesites in the west, as well as by Cretaceous-Paleogene vulcanites. Facebook. Founder of constitutional order and of the conservative regime in Chile, he was general minister (1830–31) and minister of war and marine (1831–32, 1835–37)...... Click the link for more information. O’Higgins became the supreme ruler of Chile. The city, founded in the 16th cent...... Click the link for more information. Frei's free-market policies led to a massive flow of foreign investment. Territorial limits were ill-defined and were the cause, after independence, of long-drawn-out boundary disputes with Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina. Many Chileans are also of German, Italian, Irish, British, or Yugoslav ancestry. Touring foreign companies figured prominently in the country’s musical life; the first operatic performances were given by an Italian company that visited the country in 1830. The poetry of S. Sanfuentes (1817–60) and E. Lillo (1826–1910) and the plays of C. Bello developed within the mainstream of romanticism. The climate, which varies from hot desert in the north through Mediterranean-type in the central portion to the cool and humid marine west coast type in the south, is influenced by the cold Peruvian (or Humboldt) Current along the coast of N Chile and by the Andes. He ruled with the support of the Communists until 1948, when he gained the support of the Liberal party and outlawed the Communists. There are also internal security forces, the Carabineros, numbering 30,000 men. In the early 20th century Chile’s saltpeter mines supplied almost three-fourths of the world demand for nitrogen fertilizers. Some of the best chile peppers in the world are grown in Hatch, N.M., about four hours south of Santa Fe, which bills itself as the Chile Capital of … Some 220,000 homes were destroyed, and the wine and fishing industries were particularly affected by the earthquake. Since 1918. Other facilities located in Santiago are numerous public and private sports clubs, stadiums, ski slopes in Farellones and resorts located on the coast. km. 3) What is the Hydroelectric power plants supplied 70 percent of the electricity generated in 1975. The rivers of Chile are generally short and swift-flowing, rising in the well-watered Andean highlands and flowing generally west to the Pacific Ocean; the Loa and Baker rivers are the longest, but those in the central portion of the country are much more important because of their use for irrigation and power production. The eminent choreographers J. Taras (USA) and B. Cullberg (Sweden) have worked with the company. The city of Santiago has a population density of 8,470 people per square kilometer (21,925/square mile). During most of the colonial period Chile was a captaincy general dependent upon the viceroyalty of Peru, but in 1778 it became a separate division virtually independent of Peru. In subtropical Central Chile (as far as 42° S lat.) It was a founding member of the Union of South American Nations and the United Nations. As an independent art form Chilean ballet began to emerge during the 1940’s. Thus, Valparaiso can be regarded as the second capital city of Chile. 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